Tanki yophulitsira kuwombera ndiye gawo lalikulu la zida zophulitsira mchenga (sandblasting). Kwenikweni, ndi chotengera choponderezedwa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungirako ma abrasives (monga kuwombera zitsulo, mchenga wa ceramic, mikanda yagalasi, ndi zina zotero) ndipo, pansi pa mphamvu ya mpweya woponderezedwa, kufulumizitsa ndi kupotoza ma abrasives pamwamba pa workpiece.
M'munsimu ndikufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kamangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka thanki yophulitsira.
I. Kapangidwe ka Tanki Yowombera
Matanki ophulika amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito: mtundu woponderezedwa (mtundu wa kuthamanga kwachindunji) ndi mtundu wa ejection (mtundu woyamwa ndi woperekera). Tanki yowombera mokakamiza imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, yomwe imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito amphamvu komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri. Apa, kapangidwe ka tanki yowombera mokakamiza imayambitsidwa makamaka.
Dongosolo la tanki lophulitsa movutikira limapangidwa ndi magawo atatu akulu: tanki, makina owongolera, ndi makina othandizira.
1. Tank system (chotengera chapakati chapakati
Thupi la thanki: Thupi lalikulu ndi lopangidwa bwino kwambiri-chidebe chachitsulo chosagwira, chomwe chimapezeka m'mitundu iwiri: yoyima ndi yopingasa. Pali doko lodyera ndi chivundikiro chosindikizira pamwamba.
Vavu yophulika: Yokhala pansi pa thanki, ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kutuluka kwa abrasive mupaipi yophulitsa mchenga. Mitundu yodziwika bwino imaphatikizapo mavavu agulugufe, mavavu a mpira kapena masingano opangidwa mwapadera.
Chipinda chosanganikirana: Ma Abrasives amasakanikirana ndi-mpweya wothamanga kwambiri pano. Nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pa valavu ya abrasive ndipo ndi pamene abrasive "amayamwa" kapena "kukankhidwira" mu mpweya.
Venturi chubu (ejection nozzle) : M'mapangidwe ena, chipinda chosanganikirana chimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Venturi, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoyipa yopangidwa ndi-kuthamanga kwa mpweya wothamanga kwambiri kuti itulutse bwino chotupa mu thanki.
2. Control System (Kuonetsetsa Chitetezo ndi Ntchito)
Vavu yolowera: Vavu yayikulu yomwe imayang'anira kulowa kwa mpweya woponderezedwa mu thanki. Nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'njira ziwiri:
Mapaipi opanikizidwa kwambiri: Mpweya umalowa pamwamba pa thanki ndikuyika pansi pa abrasive.
Mphepo ya mchenga: Mpweya umalowera kuchipinda chosanganikirana, kupanga mpweya wothamanga kwambiri-
Valavu yotulutsa mpweya / valavu yochepetsera mphamvu: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti itulutse mwamphamvu mkati mwa thanki pamene ntchito ikufunika kuyimitsidwa kapena kuwonjezera ma abrasives atsopano.
Kuyeza mlingo: Kuwunika kuchuluka kwa abrasive mu thanki kuti thanki isakhale yopanda kanthu kapena yodzaza kwambiri.
Vavu yoteteza / rupture disc: Chida chofunikira kwambiri chachitetezo chomwe chimangotulutsa kukakamiza mkati mwa thanki kukakwera molakwika kuti zisaphulika.
Dongosolo lowongolera magetsi: Amaphatikiza mabatani, zowongolera zakutali, masensa, ndi zina zambiri, kuti akwaniritse / kuzimitsa kutali, kudyetsa basi ndi kuwongolera kuthamanga.
3. Dongosolo lothandizira
Sandblasting hose: Paipi yapadera yokhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kusavala, kulumikiza chipinda chosakaniza ndi mfuti yopopera.
Mfuti yopotera: Chida chomaliza chogwiridwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito kapena chomangidwa ndi dzanja lomakina, chokhala ndi nthiti ya ceramic kapena tungsten carbide mkati kuti ipititse patsogolo komanso kuyang'ana ndege yotupa.
Njira yopulumutsira ndi kulekanitsa abrasive (mu chipinda chowombera chotsekedwa) : Zimaphatikizapo ma grilles pansi, zotengera zomangira, zikepe, zolekanitsa mphepo yamkuntho ndi zowonetsera zogwedeza, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchira, kuyeretsa ma abrasives ogwiritsidwanso ntchito ndikuchotsa fumbi ndi zinyalala.
Dongosolo lochotsa fumbi: -zotolera fumbi zazikulu za makatiriji amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kutolera fumbi lomwe latuluka pophulitsa mfuti, kusunga malo ogwirira ntchito aukhondo ndi kukwaniritsa zofunikira zoteteza chilengedwe.
Ii. Kugwiritsa ntchito akasinja a Shot Blasting
Tekinoloje yowotchera imagwiritsa ntchito-kuthamanga kothamanga kwambiri kuti ikhudze pamwamba pa ntchitoyo, potero kukwaniritsa zolinga zosiyanasiyana zamakampani. Magawo ake ogwiritsira ntchito ndi awa:
Kulimbitsa pamwamba / kuwomberedwa kulimbitsa peening
Iyi ndiye ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ma abrasives ang'onoang'ono osawerengeka, chotsalira chotsalira cha chitsulo chimayikidwa pamwamba pa zitsulo (monga magiya, akasupe, masamba a injini ya aero, ndodo zolumikizira, ndi zina zotero), kumawonjezera mphamvu ya kutopa, kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso moyo wautumiki wa magawowo. Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri popanga ndege, kupanga injini zamagalimoto, komanso kupanga{3}}zigawo zotumiza katundu wambiri.
2. Kuyeretsa pamwamba
Kuchotsa dzimbiri ndi oxide sikelo: Chotsani dzimbiri ndi sikelo ya oxide yozungulira pamwamba pa zitsulo, zitsulo, zombo, ndi matanki osungira kuti mukonzekere kujambula.
Kutsuka zitsulo zotayidwa/zopukutira/zowotcherera: Chotsani mchenga wowumbidwa muzotayira, sikelo ya oxide pa zomangira, zokutira ndi zopaka utoto pa nsonga zowotcherera.
Chotsani zokutira zakale: Chotsani bwino utoto wolephera ndi zokutira kuti mukonzenso.
3. Kukonzekera kwapamwamba
Pamaso kupopera (kupenta, kupopera mankhwala matenthedwe), kugwirizana kapena electroplating, pamwamba pa workpiece ndi roughened kuonjezera pamwamba ndi kumapangitsanso adhesion wa ❖ kuyanika / zomatira. Ndondomeko ya nangula yomwe imapangidwa ndi yofunika kwambiri pamtundu wa zokutira.
4. Pamwamba roughening / kukongoletsa
Kuchiza: Kupanga yunifolomu, mapeto a matte pamtunda (monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena kukalamba kwa zinthu zamkuwa).
Maonekedwe okongoletsera: Kujambula zithunzi kapena mawu pamwala kapena galasi.
5. Kuchepetsa kupsinjika ndi mawonekedwe
Kuchepetsa kupsinjika: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa kupsinjika kwanuko pambuyo pa kuwotcherera kapena kukonza makina.
Kuwotchera: M'makampani opanga ndege, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo opindika ovuta monga zikopa zamapiko a ndege zazikulu. Kupyolera mu kuwombera kosankhidwa, pepala lachitsulo limakhala ndi pulasitiki yosinthika.
Iii. Kusankha Mitundu Ya Matanki Owombetsa
Direct pressure kuwombera thanki yophulitsa: Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chotupacho chimakanikizidwa mkati mwa thanki ndikutulutsa. High dzuwa, mphamvu kupopera mphamvu, oyenera workpieces lalikulu, katundu dzimbiri kuyeretsa ndi kulimbikitsa njira, ndi ambiri mu makampani.
Ejector (mtundu woyamwa) kuwombera makina ophulitsira: thanki ya abrasive imakhala pamagetsi abwinobwino, ndipo abrasive amangoyamwa ndi kukakamiza koyipa kopangidwa ndi mphamvu ya Venturi pamfuti yopopera. Zipangizozi n'zosavuta, zopepuka komanso zotsika mtengo-, koma mphamvu zake ndi zotsika. Ndi yoyenera pazidutswa ting'onoting'ono, zoonda-zotsuka zosanjikiza kapena nthawi zina pomwe pakufunika kuwonongeka.
Chidule
Monga njira yophatikizira yophatikizira kusungirako zinthu, kukakamiza ndi kutumiza, kukhazikika ndi chitetezo cha kapangidwe ka tanki yowombera zimatsimikizira momwe ntchito yowomberayo imawombera. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumayendera njira zingapo zopangira zinthu zamakono, kuyambira kuyeretsa ndi kuchotsa dzimbiri mpaka{1}}kuletsa-kuchepetsa kutopa kwambiri. Ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira kudalirika, kulimba komanso magwiridwe antchito azinthu zamafakitale. Kusankha mtundu woyenera ndi magawo a akasinja ophulitsa kuwombera ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zolinga zomwe zikuyembekezeka.