Zigawo zazikulu ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito makina owombera pachimake.
Makina owombera pachimake ndiye zida zoyambira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani amakono opanga zopangira mchenga. Mchenga wapakati ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe limayikidwa mkati mwa nkhungu kuti apange zibowo zamkati (monga mabowo ndi ngalande) za kuponyera. Makina owombera pachimake amatha kupanga zida zamchenga zovuta bwino komanso zolondola kwambiri kudzera-kuombera mchenga ndi kuchiritsa mwachangu.
A. Zigawo zazikulu za makina owombera pachimake
Makina owombera pachimake (makamaka makina owombera apakati) amakhala ndi machitidwe awa:
1. Main chimango ndi nkhungu kutseka dongosolo
Rack: Mapangidwe othandizira zida, zomwe zimafuna kukhazikika komanso kukhazikika.
Kachipangizo ka clamping: Zimaphatikizapo kusuntha mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe osasunthika, mizati yowongolera ndi masilinda otsekera. Ntchito yake ndi:
Kutseka nkhungu: Kanikizani mabokosi apakati ndi apansi apakatikati kuti mchenga usatuluke powombera mchenga.
Kutsekera nkhungu: Perekani mphamvu yotseka nkhungu yokwanira kuti mupewe kuthamanga kwambiri panthawi yophulika mchenga.
Kutsegula kwa nkhungu: Pakatikati pa mchenga chitalimba, tsegulani bokosi lapakati ndikuchotsa pakati pa mchenga womalizidwa.
2. Dongosolo la mchenga
Uwu ndiye "mtima" wa makina owombera pachimake.
Mchenga: Kusunga mchenga waiwisi.
Vavu ya jakisoni wamchenga: Chosinthira chomwe chimawongolera jakisoni wamchenga.
Silinda ya jakisoni yamchenga: Imasunga mchenga woti ubayidwe ndipo imakhala ndi pulagi yotulutsa mpweya mkati.
Mutu wa jakisoni wamchenga: Imalumikizana ndi doko la jakisoni wamchenga pabokosi lapakati kuti zitsimikizire kuti mchengawo ulowa mkatikati mwa bokosi.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito: Mpweya woponderezedwa umalowetsedwa nthawi yomweyo mu silinda yowombelera mchenga, kuchititsa kuwonjezereka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu mkati mwa silinda. Zinthu zamchengazo zimabayidwa mwachangu mubowo lomwe latsekeka kale m'bokosi lapakati kudzera pamutu wowombera mchenga, ndikuchidzaza ndikuchiphatikizira.
3. Njira yoperekera gasi
Gwero la mpweya: Patsani mpweya wokhazikika, wowuma komanso waukhondo.
Mapaipi ndi ma valve owongolera: kuphatikiza ma valves osiyanasiyana a pneumatic (ma solenoid valves, throttle valves, etc.), omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kupanikizika, kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga komanso nthawi yazinthu zonse za mpweya monga kuwombera mchenga, kutseka kwa nkhungu, kutsegula nkhungu, ndi kuwomba ndi kutulutsa.
4. Kutentha ndi Kuchiritsa makina (makina otentha apakati pabokosi)
Bokosi lotentha kwambiri: Ndi nkhungu yokha, yokhala ndi machubu otenthetsera (machubu otenthetsera magetsi kapena zida zotenthetsera gasi) zophatikizidwa mkati, nthawi zambiri zimatenthedwa mpaka 200-300 digiri.
Dongosolo lowongolera kutentha: kuphatikiza ma thermocouples, owongolera kutentha, ndi zina zambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera bwino kutentha kwa bokosi lapakati ndikuwonetsetsa kuchiritsa kofanana kwa pachimake chamchenga.
5. Dongosolo lolamulira
Kabati yoyang'anira magetsi: Pakatikati ndi PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) kapena kompyuta yamakampani.
Human-machine interface (HMI) : Touch screen, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa ndi kusonyeza magawo osiyanasiyana (monga nthawi yophulitsa mchenga, nthawi yochiritsa, kutentha, kuthamanga, ndi zina zotero) ndikuwunika momwe chipangizochi chikugwirira ntchito.
Dongosolo loyang'anira limayang'anira: kugwirizanitsa zochita zonse kuti zizichitika zokha komanso motsatana malinga ndi pulogalamu yokhazikitsidwa kuti ikwaniritse zopanga zokha.
6. Makina opangira sampuli
Pambuyo pa kutseguka kwa nkhungu, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi makina a ejector rod kukankhira phata la mchenga kuchoka pabokosi lapakati.
Zipangizo zamakono zilinso ndi zida zamakina kuti zinyamule zitsulo zamchenga ndikuziyika pa lamba wotumizira, ndikukwaniritsa zosintha zonse.
7. Chitetezo cha chitetezo
Makatani owunikira / zitseko zachitetezo: Letsani ogwira ntchito kuti asalowe m'malo oopsa pomwe zida zikugwira ntchito.
Batani loyimitsa mwadzidzidzi: Imitsani nthawi yomweyo kugwira ntchito kwa chipangizocho pakachitika ngozi.
Chipangizo cholumikizira: Chimawonetsetsa kuti ntchito zowopsa monga kuphulika kwa mchenga zitha kuchitika pokhapokha chitseko chachitetezo chatsekedwa.
B. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito makina owombera pachimake
Miyendo yamchenga yopangidwa ndi makina owombera pachimake imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zitsulo, ndipo minda yawo yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yotakata kwambiri, yophimba kupanga pafupifupi ma castings onse omwe amafunikira zovuta zamkati zamkati.
1. Makampani opanga magalimoto (gawo lalikulu kwambiri logwiritsa ntchito)
Injini: Silinda block, cylinder head jacket core, oil passage core, intake and exhaust passage core, etc. Zomangamangazi ndizovuta ndipo zimafuna kulondola kwambiri. Makina owombera pachimake ndiye zida zokhazo zomwe zimatha kupanga bwino kwambiri.
Kutumiza: Mabowo osiyanasiyana ovuta komanso mabwalo amafuta anyumba zotumizira.
Zigawo za chassis: monga patsekeke la nyumba zowongolera.
2. Kupanga ma injini oyatsira mkati ndi injini za dizilo
Ma cylinder block ndi cylinder head castings a injini zazikulu za dizilo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zombo, magalimoto olemera ndi makina omanga.
3. Makampani opanga chigawo cha Hydraulic
Hydraulic valve block: Ili ndi njira zambiri zowoloka komanso zovuta zamafuta mkati, ndipo pafupifupi njira zonsezi zimapangidwa ndi mchenga.
Nyumba zapampopi, nyumba zamagalimoto: njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera ndi ma cavities.
4. General Machinery ndi Azamlengalenga
Compressor, thupi la mpope: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipolopolo zovuta.
Zamlengalenga: Zowoneka bwino-zokhala ngati nyumba zopangira ma turbine.
5. Zopangira zida zapaipi ndi kuponya mwaluso
Mpope, valavu: njira yamkati yamadzi.
Kujambula: Ukadaulo wapakati pa mchenga umagwiritsidwanso ntchito mbali zina.
C. Ubwino wa makina owombera pachimake
Kuchita bwino kwambiri: Kuwombera mchenga kumangotenga masekondi 1 mpaka 3, ndipo nthawi yonse yopangira (sandblasting - curing - kugwetsa) nthawi zambiri imatenga mphindi khumi zokha mpaka mphindi zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwambiri kupanga zambiri.
Kulondola kwambiri: -Kuphulika kwa mchenga kungapangitse kukula kwa mchenga kukhala wolondola, pamwamba pawosalala komanso kozungulira kumveka bwino, komanso kungathe kufananizanso zinthu zovuta kwambiri.
Kuchita bwino kwambiri: Pakatikati pa mchenga wopangidwa ndi kuwombera umakhala wolumikizana kwambiri komanso wolimba bwino, ndipo sumakonda kupindika kapena kusweka pakutsanuliridwa kwachitsulo chosungunuka, kuwonetsetsa kuti mkati mwake mwazoponyamo muli bwino.
Madigiri apamwamba a automation: Ndiosavuta kupanga makina opangira okha ndi manja amakina, mizere yolumikizira, ndi zina zambiri, kuchepetsa ntchito ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwa kupanga ndi chitetezo.
Chidule
Ntchito yaikulu: Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wochuluka-kulowetsa mchenga wa resin mu bokosi lotenthetsera ndi kulilimbitsa kuti lipange mchenga kuti utayire.
Zigawo zazikulu: Dongosolo lotsekera nkhungu, kuwombera mchenga, makina operekera gasi, makina otenthetsera, makina owongolera, makina opangira sampuli, chitetezo.
Ntchito zazikuluzikulu: Zopangira zitsulo zokhala ndi zibowo zamkati zovuta monga injini zamagalimoto / ma gearbox, injini za dizilo, midadada ya ma hydraulic valve, matupi apompo, ma compressor, ndi zina zambiri.
Ubwino wapakati: Kuchita bwino kwambiri, kulondola kwambiri komanso makina apamwamba kwambiri. Ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakuponyera kolondola kwamakono.