Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusamala kwa makina owombera oyambira
Makina owombera pachimake ndiye zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano popanga zinthu mwachangu komanso zazikulu-zopanga mchenga. Imapeza pachimake mchenga wokhala ndi miyeso yolondola komanso mphamvu yayikulu powombera mchenga wapakati pa liwiro lalikulu mubokosi lotenthetsera ndikupangitsa kuti likhale lolimba kwambiri.
Zotsatirazi ndikuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka makina owombera pachimake ndi njira zodzitetezera.
I. Ntchito Zazikulu za Makina Owombera Akuluakulu
Makina owombera pachimake amagwira ntchito makamaka popanga-njira yopangira (njira ya bokosi lotentha) yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wokutira (mchenga wa resin). Miyendo yamchenga yomwe imapangidwa ndi iyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga maenje ovuta amkati, mabowo kapena mawonekedwe abwino akunja a castings.
1. Ntchito njira
Njira yamabokosi otentha: Iyi ndiye njira yapamwamba kwambiri komanso yoyambira pamakina owombera. Gwiritsani ntchito mchenga wokutira (mchenga wa quartz wokhala ndi phenolic kapena furan resin wokutidwa pamwamba). Bokosi lalikulu limatenthedwa kufika pafupifupi 200-280 digiri C. Chifukwa cha kutentha, mchenga wokutidwawo umasungunuka, kuwoloka-malinki ndi kulimba mkati mwa masekondi khumi, kupanga phata lamchenga lolimba kwambiri.
Njira yopangira bokosi: Mfundoyi ndi yofanana, koma kutentha kwa bokosi kumakhala kochepa (pafupifupi 150-180 digiri), ndipo utomoni wapadera wa furan umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuthamanga kwa machiritso kumacheperako pang'ono, koma mtundu wa pachimake cha mchenga ndi kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe ndizabwinoko.
Cold core box process: Ngakhale palinso "kuwombera", nthawi zambiri imamalizidwa ndi makina ozizira opangira bokosi. Amapangitsa kuti utomoniwo uchiritse nthawi yomweyo pouzira mu gasi wa amine (triethylamine) pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa mchenga. Kapangidwe ka zida ndi zofunikira pachitetezo cha chilengedwe ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi makina owombera apakati pa hot core box.
2. Makampani ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zinthu zamakina owombera
Makina owombera apakati ndi oyenerera makamaka kupanga mchenga wa mchenga wambiri, wokhala ndi zolondola kwambiri komanso zovuta.
Makampani opanga magalimoto
Injini: Cylinder block, cylinder head jekete lamadzi pachimake, phata la mafuta, phata la crankcase. Uwu ndiye gawo lapamwamba kwambiri logwiritsa ntchito makina owombera pachimake, omwe ali ndi zofunika kwambiri pakulondola kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kumapeto kwapakati pa mchenga.
Gearbox: Pakatikati pa mchenga wam'kati mwa nyumba ndi thupi la valve.
Ma braking system: Brake calipers, ma brake disc cores.
Zida zopangira mapaipi ndi zida zapaipi
Pali kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mchenga wamkati wamkati wa mavavu osiyanasiyana, zopangira zitoliro ndi magawo olumikizira.
Makina omanga ndi makina aulimi
Mchenga wa zigawo za hydraulic, matupi a pampu ndi ma casings.
Magawo ena oyambira:
Chitsulo chilichonse choponyedwa, chitsulo choponyedwa kapena aluminium alloy castings chomwe chimafuna mazenera ovuta amkati amatha kulumikizidwa ndi makina owombera pachimake.
3. Ubwino wapakati
Kuchita bwino kwambiri: Nthawi yayifupi yozungulira (nthawi zambiri masekondi 20 mpaka 90), imatha kupanga mosalekeza mosalekeza.
Kulondola kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba: Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa jekeseni, phata la mchenga wowuma, miyeso yolondola, yosalala, motero amapeza ma burrs ochepa mkati mwa mkati mwa kuponya ndi miyeso yolondola.
Mulingo wapamwamba wodzichitira zokha: Ndiosavuta kukwaniritsa kulumikizana ndi makina otsatizana monga kusanja pachimake, kuphatikiza pakati, zokutira zoviika, ndi kuyanika.
Kuchepa kwa anthu ogwira ntchito komanso malo abwinoko: Poyerekeza ndi ntchito zakale-zopanga pamanja, ili ndi luso lapamwamba komanso lotchinga.
Ii. Kusamala Pogwiritsa Ntchito Ma Core Shooters
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa makina owombera pachimake kumaphatikizapo kutentha kwakukulu, kuthamanga kwakukulu, mbali zosuntha ndi mpweya wa mankhwala. M'pofunika kutsatira mosamalitsa ndondomeko kuonetsetsa chitetezo munthu, zida bata ndi khalidwe mankhwala.
(1) Chitetezo:
Kutetezedwa-kwapamwamba kwa kutentha
Bokosi loyambira, mbale yotenthetsera ndi zida zozungulira ndizotentha kwambiri (pamwamba pa madigiri 200). Ndi zoletsedwa kuti chiwalo chilichonse cha thupi kapena zinthu zoyaka moto zikumane nazo. Zipangizozi ziyenera kukhala ndi zitseko zotetezera kutentha kwathunthu ndi zophimba.
Musanatsegule chitseko chotetezera, kuyeretsa kapena kusintha, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuti kutentha kwazimitsidwa ndikudikirira nthawi yokwanira kuti nkhungu izizire.
Mchenga wotentha womwe wachotsedwa uyenera kuyikidwa pazitsulo zozizira kapena malamba kuti zisapse ndi moto.
High Voltage ndi Mechanical Safety
Pakuphulika kwa mchenga, kuthamanga kwa thanki yosungiramo gasi ndi mapaipi ndipamwamba kwambiri (nthawi zambiri 0.4-0.7 MPa). Ndizoletsedwa kugawaniza zigawo za airway kapena kukonza mopanikizika.
Zochita zamakina owombera pachimake monga kutseka kwa nkhungu, kutsegula kwa nkhungu ndi kutulutsa kwapakati kumayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya hydraulic kapena pneumatic, yomwe ndi yamphamvu kwambiri. Onetsetsani kuti manja anu azikhala kutali ndi malo otsekera nkhungu pamene zida zikuyamba. Tsatani mosamalitsa njira zoyendetsera -batani loyambira pamanja.
Yang'anani pafupipafupi ma hydraulic system, masilindala ndi mapaipi kuti mafuta asatayike kapena kuphulika kwa mapaipi.
Chitetezo chamagetsi
Kuyika pansi kwa makina owombera pachimake kuyenera kukhala kodalirika. Musanakonze gawo lamagetsi, onetsetsani kuti mwadula magetsi akuluakulu ndikutseka ndi chizindikiro.
Dongosolo lotenthetsera lili ndi mphamvu yayikulu, ndipo mabwalo ndi zigawo zake zimatha kukalamba, kotero kuwunika pafupipafupi kumafunika.
Chitetezo cha Chemical ndi fumbi (makamaka ozizira pachimake mabokosi):
Bokosi lotentha lapakati: Mchenga wokutidwa ukatenthedwa, umatulutsa utsi wochepa wokhala ndi phenol ndi aldehyde. Payenera kukhala gulu lamphamvu lotolera fumbi ndi kutulutsa mpweya pamwamba pa zida zotsogolera gasi wonyansa kupita kunja kapena ku chipangizo chochizira.
Cold core box: Chothandizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito (monga triethylamine) ndi poizoni, choyaka komanso kuphulika. Zipangizozi ziyenera kukhala ndi ntchito yabwino yosindikizira komanso kukhala ndi makina ochapira mpweya wabwino (chida chosautsa). Ma alarm akutuluka kwa gasi amayenera kuyikidwa pamalo ogwirira ntchito.
Poyambira-malo opangirako akuyenera kukhala bwino-popuma mpweya wabwino ndipo ogwira ntchito akuyenera kuvala zotchingira zotetezera zoyenera.
(2) Njira zodzitetezera pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza makina owombera pachimake
Kukonzekera ndi kukonza nkhungu (core box):
Kutenthetsa Kwambiri: Nkhungu zatsopano kapena zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ziyenera kutenthedwa pang'onopang'ono komanso bwino (nthawi zambiri kwa maola angapo) kuti zisawonongeke kapena kusweka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwadzidzidzi.
Kutsuka ndi kupopera mankhwala otulutsa nkhungu: Pambuyo pozungulira, mchenga wotsalira pabokosi lapakati ndi mphuno ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi mfuti ya mpweya. Nthawi zonse komanso mogawana utsi wotulutsa nkhungu (monga silicone mafuta emulsion) kuteteza nkhungu kumamatira, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kungakhudze pamwamba ndi kukula kwa mchenga pachimake.
Kusamalira nthawi zonse: Onani ngati ndodo yapamwamba, slider ndi gawo lowongolera zatha kapena zamamatira, ndikuzipaka mafuta munthawi yake. Sungani pulagi yotulutsa mpweya yosatsekeka.
Kukhathamiritsa kwa magawo a sandblasting pamakina omangira oyambira
Kuthamanga kwa mchenga ndi nthawi: Kuthamanga kosakwanira kungayambitse mchenga wa mchenga ndi mphamvu zosakwanira. Kupanikizika kwambiri kumatha kuwononga nkhungu kapena kuyambitsa "kuthamanga kwa mchenga" (kutulutsa mchenga kuchokera pamalo olekanitsa). Mtengo wokwanira uyenera kupezeka potengera mawonekedwe ndi zovuta zapakati pa mchenga.
Kuchiritsa nthawi ndi kutentha: Kutentha ndi nthawi zonse zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa machiritso. Nthawi ndi yaifupi kwambiri, pachimake mchenga ndi "osaphika", ndipo mphamvu zake ndizochepa. Ngati nthawi yayitali kwambiri, pachimake chamchenga chidzawotchedwa, pamwamba pake chidzasanduka chakuda ndikukhala chosasunthika, ndipo kupanga bwino kumachepetsedwa. Zenera labwino kwambiri liyenera kutsimikiziridwa kudzera muzoyeserera.
Kuwongolera kwazinthu zopangira
Ubwino wa mchenga wokutidwa: Kukula kwa tinthu tating'ono, utomoni wa utomoni, madzimadzi ndi malo osungunuka a mchenga ayenera kukhala okhazikika komanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Mchenga womwe wanyowa komanso wothimbirira suyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kutentha kwa mchenga: Ndikoyenera kutenthetsa mchenga wokutira musanagwiritse ntchito (monga 25-40 digiri), zomwe zingathe kusintha kwambiri madzi ake komanso kufanana kwa machiritso.
(3) Kusamalira ndi kusamalira makina owombera owombera
Kuyang'ana tsiku ndi tsiku: Yang'anani kuthamanga kwa gwero la mpweya, kuchuluka kwa mafuta, ngati pali phokoso lachilendo kuchokera kumadera osuntha, ngati mabawuti ali otayirira, komanso ngati zida zoteteza zimagwira ntchito.
Kusamalira nthawi zonse
Kusintha kwa Zisindikizo: mphete zosindikizira za valavu ya jakisoni wamchenga ndi silinda iliyonse ndi zigawo zomwe zili pachiwopsezo ndipo ziyenera kusinthidwa momwe zidakonzedwera kuti mpweya ndi mafuta azituluka.
Kuyeretsa ndi Kupaka mafuta: Tsukani mchenga womwe waunjikana mkati mwa zida ndikuthira girisi pazigawo zomwe zikuyenda monga njanji zowongolera, zomangira, ndi ma bearings malinga ndi malamulo.
Kuyang'anira dongosolo lamagetsi: Limbitsani zotchinga ndikuwunika momwe ma relay, ma contactor ndi zida zowongolera kutentha.
Kusamalira mutu wa jakisoni wamchenga: Mphuno ya jakisoni yamchenga ndiyosavuta kuvala komanso kumamatira mchenga, motero imayenera kutsukidwa, kuyang'aniridwa ndi kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kuti muwonetsetse kusalala kwa jekeseni wamchenga.
Chidule
Makina opangira kuwombera koyambira ndi zida zamphamvu zopititsira patsogolo luso komanso luso la kupanga koyambira. Komabe, kuseri kwa mphamvu zawo zapamwamba kumakhala zofunikira zogwirira ntchito komanso zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zogwiritsidwira ntchito: Zapangidwira m'mabokosi otentha a mchenga wokutidwa, ndizoyenera kupanga ma cores a mchenga ovuta kwambiri komanso olondola kwambiri, makamaka m'malo okwera-monga ma injini zamagalimoto.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa: "Chitetezo" chiyenera kuperekedwa patsogolo. Pewani kwambiri-kutentha kwambiri, kukanidwa ndi makina,{2}}kuvulala kwambiri ndi kuopsa kwa mankhwala. Kachiwiri, khalidwe ndi kukhazikika kwa pachimake mchenga zimatsimikiziridwa kupyolera mwa kusamalira nkhungu mosamala, kukhathamiritsa kwa magawo a ndondomeko ndi kulamulira kwa zipangizo. Pomaliza, kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yodzitetezera ndiyo mfungulo yotsimikizira kuti-zidazo zikugwira ntchito modalirika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kupewa kutsika kosakonzekera.